Intestinal Lumen Bacteria / Antigens Lamina Propria APC Dendritic Cell Naive T IL-12 IL-23 IL-12/23 p40 IL-23 p19 Th1 Th17 TNF-α Cytokine Mucosal Inflammation Intracellular Signaling Immune Cell Receptor JAK STAT Nucleus Blood Vessel MAdCAM-1 α4β7 integrin T cell Migration to mucosa Bloodstream T cell trafficking Lymph Node Afferent S1P receptor T S1P↑ low → high Egress
TNF IL-23 Integrin S1P JAK

Immune pathways and therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel disease

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